生化过程研究部

　　2021年度生化过程研究部在基础和应用研究方面均有重要进展，发表SCI论文27篇，获得中国发明专利15项，申请中国发明专利8项。承担国家重点研发计划、省重大专项、国家自然科学基金等项目30余项。

　　重点进展一：利用氧化石墨烯纳滤膜验证了“缺陷信号放大-靶向表面改性”的概念，发现靶向改性可以缩小膜孔径分布，提高膜分离选择性和抗污染性；基于此概念，利用商品化聚酰胺纳滤膜大孔附近羧基较多的特征，选择性活化羧基接枝氨基聚合物实现靶向表面改性，缩小孔径分布调控表面电荷，单糖/单盐分离选择性提高2.5倍，而通量仅下降4.7%，且耐碱洗溶胀能力显著增强（Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 411, 128587，J. Membr. Sci. 2021, 628，ZL202010948108.9）。

　　图1靶向表面改性技术提高聚酰胺纳滤膜分离选择性

　　Figure 2 Targeted surface modification for improving separation selectivity of polyamide nanofiltration membrane

　　重点进展二：针对商品化耐酸膜通量低的问题，基于分子设计，筛选出3-氨基苯磺酰胺新型高活性耐酸单体，通过多次界面聚合工艺构建光滑亲水表面，制备了高通量（提高10倍）和抗污染的耐酸纳滤膜；采用两步逆向界面聚合工艺，制备了含聚脲/聚磺酰胺耐酸单元、具有梯度孔和双电层结构的纳滤膜，保持同等重金属截留率下通量相较进口膜提升100%（Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 425, 131791，ZL202011482126.9）。　　 

　　Aiming at low permeability of the commercially-available acid resistant nanofiltration (NF) membrane, based on molecular design, we have screened a novel acid resistant aqueous monomer with high reactivity, 3-aminobenzenesulfonamide, and prepared a NF membrane with highly hydrophilic surface, high permeability (increasing 10 times) and strong antifouling performance via surface activation assisted multi-step interfacial polymerization method; we also have prepared another acid resistant NF membrane with polyurea and poly(amide-sulfonamide) units, gradient pore structure (from small to large) and dually charged layer, via a two-layer reverse interfacial polymerization process, which has 100% higher permeability when keeping the same heavy metal ions rejections compared to the commercial acid resistant NF membrane.  

　　图2双电层耐酸纳滤膜的结构和分离机理示意图

　　Figure 2 Structure and separation mechanisms of dually charged acid resistant membrane

　　重点进展三：从提高光效和降低成本两方面出发，突破了结构优化、低成本材料改性、结构增强、批量制造等一系列关键技术，开发了高光效、低成本的微藻培养用软体板式光生物反应器，实现了批量制造，完成了1000m2系统中试，成本可降低80%以上。

　　图3 软体板式光生物反应器

　　Figure 3 Thin-film flat plate photobioreactor

　　A new thin-film flat plate photobioreactor (FPPBR) with high light efficiency and low cost was designed and produced through developing structure design, materials modification, strengthen and batch manufacturing technologies. A 1000 m2 thin-film FPPBR system was constructed and used for microalgae cultivation, the cost of microalgae cultivation decreased by 80% comparing to that of classical technique.