生化过程研究部
2021年度生化过程研究部在基础和应用研究方面均有重要进展,发表SCI论文27篇,获得中国发明专利15项,申请中国发明专利8项。承担国家重点研发计划、省重大专项、国家自然科学基金等项目30余项。
重点进展一:利用氧化石墨烯纳滤膜验证了“缺陷信号放大-靶向表面改性”的概念,发现靶向改性可以缩小膜孔径分布,提高膜分离选择性和抗污染性;基于此概念,利用商品化聚酰胺纳滤膜大孔附近羧基较多的特征,选择性活化羧基接枝氨基聚合物实现靶向表面改性,缩小孔径分布调控表面电荷,单糖/单盐分离选择性提高2.5倍,而通量仅下降4.7%,且耐碱洗溶胀能力显著增强(Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 411, 128587,J. Membr. Sci. 2021, 628,ZL202010948108.9)。
图1靶向表面改性技术提高聚酰胺纳滤膜分离选择性
Figure 2 Targeted surface modification for improving separation selectivity of polyamide nanofiltration membrane
重点进展二:针对商品化耐酸膜通量低的问题,基于分子设计,筛选出3-氨基苯磺酰胺新型高活性耐酸单体,通过多次界面聚合工艺构建光滑亲水表面,制备了高通量(提高10倍)和抗污染的耐酸纳滤膜;采用两步逆向界面聚合工艺,制备了含聚脲/聚磺酰胺耐酸单元、具有梯度孔和双电层结构的纳滤膜,保持同等重金属截留率下通量相较进口膜提升100%(Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 425, 131791,ZL202011482126.9)。
Aiming at low permeability of the commercially-available acid resistant nanofiltration (NF) membrane, based on molecular design, we have screened a novel acid resistant aqueous monomer with high reactivity, 3-aminobenzenesulfonamide, and prepared a NF membrane with highly hydrophilic surface, high permeability (increasing 10 times) and strong antifouling performance via surface activation assisted multi-step interfacial polymerization method; we also have prepared another acid resistant NF membrane with polyurea and poly(amide-sulfonamide) units, gradient pore structure (from small to large) and dually charged layer, via a two-layer reverse interfacial polymerization process, which has 100% higher permeability when keeping the same heavy metal ions rejections compared to the commercial acid resistant NF membrane.
图2双电层耐酸纳滤膜的结构和分离机理示意图
Figure 2 Structure and separation mechanisms of dually charged acid resistant membrane
重点进展三:从提高光效和降低成本两方面出发,突破了结构优化、低成本材料改性、结构增强、批量制造等一系列关键技术,开发了高光效、低成本的微藻培养用软体板式光生物反应器,实现了批量制造,完成了1000m2系统中试,成本可降低80%以上。
图3 软体板式光生物反应器
Figure 3 Thin-film flat plate photobioreactor
A new thin-film flat plate photobioreactor (FPPBR) with high light efficiency and low cost was designed and produced through developing structure design, materials modification, strengthen and batch manufacturing technologies. A 1000 m2 thin-film FPPBR system was constructed and used for microalgae cultivation, the cost of microalgae cultivation decreased by 80% comparing to that of classical technique.